Charles R. Greene, Jr., Ph.D. (President and Principal Scientist) has S.B. and S.M. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in EE from the University of California at Santa Barbara. He has worked on underwater acoustics research and engineering since 1959. Much of his earlier work was supported by the U.S. Navy and involved underwater noise and acoustic transmission loss experiments in the Arctic Ocean. Since 1980, he has worked with biologists studying the behavior of whales and fish exposed to industrial noise. In 1983 he founded Greeneridge Sciences to continue bioacoustics work. In 1995 he completed a project for the U.S. Minerals Management Service involving four field seasons at Barrow, Alaska, studying the influence of industrial sounds on migrating arctic whales in springtime. During that project and also during an earlier (1980-84) project for MMS, he provided and operated underwater sound sources that could be used to test the responses of bowhead whales. For four years beginning in 1996 he measured and described the pulsed sounds of airgun arrays operated in the Beaufort Sea during seismic surveys for hydrocarbon deposits. In support of this effort, he has developed and used autonomous seafloor recorders to store sound data for up to three weeks continuously during seismic surveys and bowhead whale migration. He is currently responsible for measuring the industrial sounds in air and underwater associated with the Northstar Development offshore near Prudhoe Bay and for monitoring acoustically the locations of calling bowhead whales passing Northstar during their fall migration. Dr. Greene is the author of three chapters on physical acoustics in the book Marine Mammals and Noise published by Academic Press in 1995. He is a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and serves on their Medals and Awards Committee. He is a member of NOAA Fisheries' panel of experts on noise standards for marine mammal exposure. Download curriculum vitae (PDF, 142 KB).

William C. Burgess, Ph.D. (Senior Research Engineer) received his undergraduate and graduate degrees in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, and conducted ocean acoustic research under postdoctoral appointments at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).  During the latter appointment Dr. Burgess designed, built, and applied an acoustic recording tag to directly measure noise exposure of migrating northern elephant seals.  His technical background includes geophysical remote sensing with low-frequency radio, bioacoustics, instrumentation, audio-frequency signal processing, and systems programming.  His field experience includes a total of seven months at sites in Antarctica, northern Quebec, and the Alaskan Arctic, and over three months at sea on research vessels in Arctic, Antarctic, Atlantic, and Pacific waters.  Since joining Greeneridge in early 1998, Dr. Burgess has acquired and analyzed acoustic data to determine exposure of protected species to sounds from jet aircraft, rockets, missiles, vessels, and airguns.  Dr. Burgess is the first author of three refereed journal articles and fifteen papers presented at scientific conferences, and is a member of the Acoustical Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, and the IEEE. Download curriculum vitae (PDF, 100 KB).

Susanna B. Blackwell, Ph.D. (Senior Scientist) received a Licence ès Sciences in Zoology from the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and her graduate degree in Biology from the University of California Santa Cruz.  She has held postdoctoral positions at UCSC, the University of Stockholm and Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, in all cases working with large marine vertebrates — northern and southern elephant seals, bottlenose dolphins, Baltic grey seals, Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tuna and albacore tuna.  She has been involved in the design and manufacture of several types of seal data loggers, recording parameters such as depth, temperature, heart rate, swim speed, activity levels, bioluminescence and sound as a function of time.  Her field experience has brought her from rodent trapping in alpine meadows to acoustic tracking of tuna in the Pacific Ocean, and acoustic monitoring for bowhead whales in the Alaskan Arctic.  She joined Greeneridge in May 2000 and has since collected and analyzed acoustic data on man-made sounds in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, to assess their range and impact on marine mammals.  She is a member of the Acoustical Society of America, the Society for Marine Mammalogy and the Society for Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. Download curriculum vitae (PDF, 49 KB).

Katherine H. Kim, Ph.D. (Senior Research Scientist) received her B.S. in physics from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of California, the latter in a joint program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Department of Electrical Engineering. She specialized in research problems in underwater acoustics and signal processing as a postdoctoral researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceangraphy and then as a senior scientist at Heat, Light, & Sound Research, La Jolla, California. Her background includes work in adaptive and robust signal processing methods for detection and localization of ocean acoustic signals, covariance estimation and source motion effects on adaptive array processing and matched field processing, investigations into acoustic pressure sensitivities to uncertainties in 3-D sound speed fields, ocean reverberation modeling, underwater acoustic communications, and ocean engineering. Dr. Kim has extensive sea-going experience and holds advanced SCUBA and coastal cruising certifications. Her current research areas involve the passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and the acoustic propagation associated with their vocalizations, ranging from a variety of dolphin in the Pacific Ocean to sperm whales in the Gulf of Mexico to bowhead whales in the Arctic Ocean. Since joining Greeneridge in June 2008, Dr. Kim has collected and analyzed acoustic data in the Alaskan Arctic to model and measure anthropogenic and bowhead whale sounds. She is a member of the Acoustical Society of America and the IEEE. Download curriculum vitae (PDF, 88 KB).